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One of the latest things the EPA is trying to help companies with is Beneficial Reuse. Many times companies focus on their core product and ignore the fact that byproducts that may seem like waste streams to them may actually be useful products to another company. Many companies ignore the value of these streams and just treat them as waste. This can incur millions of dollars a year in chemical treatment, disposal costs, as well as add to permit values that have to be publicly disclosed. Below are a few examples of typical by-product streams and some of the many uses that can be explored. Papermills
The pulp and paper industry uses 84% of the energy consumed by the forest products industry. Some average benchmarks include: Solid Waste generation- .01-.26 tons per ton of product (TPT), Landfill cost-$10-20 million, Knots- reuse them or waste, wood yard waste - .02-.06 TPT, Sludge from a de-inking process has only 50% of the energy of bark, Typical Sludge generation- .02-.06 TPT, Lime mud is limited by kiln production -up to 200 tons per day. Ash generation rates are approximately 0.04 TPT from Georgia pulp mills. Pulp and Paper Mills- More information
Refineries- Petroleum refining is the most energy-intensive manufacturing industry in the United States. Refineries- More information 
Many Food Plants plants do not have
waste treatment plants and Food and Beverage Industry- More
information Dairies- more on Dairies-how to treat wastewater or reduce odors Animal Feed lots- more on
concentrate Animal Feed
Organizations- CAFO and some of the solutions available
Aquaculture- Fish and Shrimp Farms Wastewater issues " The Blue Revolution" Aquaculture is the farming of aquatic organisms, including finfish, shellfish
(mollusks and Aquafarming wastewater troubleshooting and tips
Chemical Processing Industry- More information Cooling Tower Microscopic analyses- new lab service
The Wine Making Industry-Wineries Did you know. . .. A winery produces 11.5-to-16 gallons of wastewater for each case of wine produced. Another Australian project is investigating ways of using winery wastewater for vine irrigation. It is estimated that every ten milliliters of wastewater recycled for irrigating vines yields an extra gross income of from $20,000 to $50,000 per year.
Obviously, we cannot go into all the types of plants, side streams or situations for process improvements or beneficial reuse that possibly could occur here. There is a ton of information on the internet and through your local EPA as well as Federal government sites. If you are short handed on your own staff and would like to consider consulting from Environmental Leverage please feel free to contact us at ELFEnvironmental@aol.com or fill out a request sheet at Feedback Here are some good links that may be of help http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/non-hw/recycle/jtr/comm/index.htm CommoditiesRecyclable materials are bought and sold just like any other commodity. As with other commodities, the markets for recyclables are dynamic, fluctuating with changes in supply and demand. This page provides an overview of the recycling marketplace by offering commodity-specific technical and pricing information, as well as informative resources. Many states have developed beneficial reuse programs and regulations http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/non-hw/recycle/jtr/comm/sand.htm Foundry sand primarily consists of clean, uniformly sized, high-quality silica sand or lake sand that is bonded to form molds for ferrous and nonferrous metal castings. The iron and steel industries account for approximately 95 percent of foundry sand used for castings. Approximately 80 percent of the sand and dust generated each year by U.S. foundries is placed in landfills. EPA estimates that the foundry industry has the potential to reuse or recycle 6 to 10 million tons of non-hazardous spent foundry sand each year. According to FIRST, a foundry recycling nonprofit organization, the foundry industry could save $100 to $250 million in disposal costs by finding recycling outlets for this material. International and National Materials Exchanges http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/non-hw/recycle/jtr/comm/exchnat.htm Pollution Prevention Opportunities
Information Request Form
*** This page will periodically be changed and updated with new industry benchmarks |
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Did you know . . . . . 
Steel Mills- Steel is one of nine energy- and waste- intensive industries
that is participating with the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Industrial
Technologies in a new collaborative R&D strategy called "Industries of the
Future." 
instead discharge directly to a POTW. Publicly owned
treatment works (POTW) that receive food-processing wastewater with BOD5
values greater than 250 to 300 mg/L typically will add an additional surcharge
for treatment. Small changes to the process or additions of small levels of
certain chemicals or bacterial products
can lower the BOD/COD and TSS created and significantly lower these surcharges.
Check out our bioengineering page for more information or request case history
examples.
Many Chemical Plants have numerous side streams
that can be isolated and used elsewhere. Some examples are waste streams
that are high in pH, ammonia or phosphate that can be used by other waste
treatment plants for very low costs, usually cheaper than the cost to treat it
and dispose of. An orange juice plant used the peel oil for food
additives. Low grade waste oil
could be used in odor control technology or in some essential oils for fragrances that do
not require the high levels of purity for human consumption.
Municipalities-
Grease and Lift Stations in Collection Systems-
